{"id":7509,"date":"2016-10-12T14:51:25","date_gmt":"2016-10-12T06:51:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tokuhon.blog\/?p=7509"},"modified":"2018-02-04T22:51:43","modified_gmt":"2018-02-04T14:51:43","slug":"7509","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tokuhon.blog\/?p=7509","title":{"rendered":"\u5de5\u7ba1\u7406\u8ad6\uff1a\u8eca\u4ed4\u9eb5\u5b9a\u50f9 \u2502\u7c73\u7f85"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4e4b\u524d\u8b1b\u904e\uff0c\u9ec3\u5b50\u83ef\u5728\u300a\u7d55\u4ee3\u5546\u9a55\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u8b1b\u7684\u300c\u5408\u7406\u5316\u7159\u5e55\u300d\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u76c8\u9918(consumer\u2019s surplus)\u3002\u9019\u662f\u9810\u79d1\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u7684\u8ab2\u984c\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6bd4\u6703\u8003\u7d93\u6fdf\u79d1\u7684\u4f9b\u6c42\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e0a\u4e00\u7d1a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f01\u696d\u91ab\u751f\u9ea5\u63d0\u723d\u7d93\u5e38\u5e6b\u52a9\u4e00\u4e9b\u7d93\u71df\u4e0d\u5584\u7684\u751f\u610f\u8d77\u6b7b\u56de\u751f\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u60c5\u7bc0\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u601d\uff1a\u6709\u4e00\u5bb6\u9910\u5ef3\u539f\u672c\u7684\u751f\u610f\u534a\u6b7b\u4e0d\u6d3b\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u9910\u5ef3\u8001\u95c6\u63a1\u7528\u4e86\u9ea5\u63d0\u723d\u4e00\u500b\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u751f\u610f\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b50\u5c31\u8b8a\u5f97\u7279\u5225\u8208\u65fa\u3002\u539f\u672c\u9019\u5bb6\u9910\u5ef3\u662f\u6309\u71676\u5143\u4e00\u500b\u83dc\u7684\u50f9\u683c\u4f86\u8ce3\u8cb7\u7684\uff0c\u9867\u5ba2\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u54033\u30014\u500b\u83dc\u3002\u9ea5\u63d0\u723d\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\u5f88\u7c21\u55ae\uff1a3\u500b\u83dc18\u5143\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u52a02\u5143\u5c31\u67094\u500b\u83dc\u3002\u7d50\u679c\u9867\u5ba2\u76c8\u9580\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u90fd\u6703\u6beb\u4e0d\u7336\u8c6b\u5730\u9078\u64c7\u82b120\u5143\u54034\u500b\u83dc\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u62db\u5728\u5546\u696d\u7d93\u71df\u4e2d\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u5408\u7406\u5316\u7159\u5e55\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8eab\u908a\u7121\u8655\u4e0d\u5728\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u5982\u679c\u5927\u5bb6\u5c0d\u57fa\u790e\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u6709\u8a8d\u8b58\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u77e5\u9053\u751a\u9ebc\u662f\u4f9b\u6c42\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u91cd\u6eab\u4e00\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

\"demand-supply-graph.jpg\"<\/p>\n

1. \u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u50f9\u683c\uff0c\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u4e0d\u540c\u6578\u91cf\u7684\u4f9b\u61c9\u548c\u9700\u6c42
\n2. \u50f9\u683c\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f9b\u61c9\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u5728\u5716\u8868\u4e0a\u986f\u51fa\u4e00\u689d\u5411\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u300c\u4f9b\u61c9\u66f2\u7dda\u300d(supply curve)
\n3. \u50f9\u683c\u8d8a\u4f4e\uff0c\u9700\u6c42\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u5728\u5716\u8868\u4e0a\u986f\u51fa\u4e00\u689d\u5411\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u300c\u9700\u6c42\u66f2\u7dda\u300d(demand curve)
\n4. \u7576\u5169\u689d\u7dda\u5728\u5716\u8868\u4e0a\u76f8\u4ea4\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u50f9\u683c\u5e73\u8861(equilibrium price)\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u50f9\u683c<\/p>\n

\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u5269\u9918\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u7e3d\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u8207\u4ed6\u5011\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u7e3d\u6548\u76ca(utility)\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u3002\u9019\u88cf\u5f15\u4f38\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u908a\u969b\u6548\u76ca\u905e\u6e1b(diminishing marginal utilty)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u4e0a\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u96ea\u7cd5\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u7576\u6211\u5011\u98df\u7b2c\u4e00\u676f\u96ea\u7cd5\u6642\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6eff\u8db3\u611f\u662f\u6700\u5927\u7684\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u676f\uff0c\u6eff\u8db3\u611f\u6703\u4e0b\u964d\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\u676f\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u4e0d\u592a\u60f3\u5403\uff1b\u7b2c\u56db\u676f\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u60f3\u5403\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4eba\u9084\u662f\u90a3\u500b\u4eba\uff0c\u96ea\u7cd5\u9084\u662f\u90a3\u676f\u96ea\u7cd5\uff0c\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u6548\u76ca\u537b\u4e0d\u65b7\u905e\u6e1b\u5462\uff1f\u76f8\u4fe1\u5927\u5bb6\u4f5c\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\uff0c\u90fd\u5fc3\u77e5\u809a\u660e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u660e\u767d\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u8acb\u53bb\u8cb7\u56db\u676f\u96ea\u7cd5\u5403\u4e00\u5403\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7d93\u6fdf\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u548c\u5de5\u7ba1\u7406\u8ad6\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7e3d\u7d50\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u800c\u6210\uff0c\u908a\u969b\u6548\u76ca\u905e\u6e1b\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5011\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u676f\u96ea\u7cd5\u7684\u6548\u76ca\u6709$10\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u676f\u6709$8\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u676f\u6709$5\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u676f\u6709$2\uff0c\u800c\u96ea\u7cd5\u7684\u552e\u50f9\u662f$7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7576\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u8cfc\u8cb7\u7b2c\u4e00\u676f\u96ea\u7cd5\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u7528$7\u53bb\u8cb7$10\u7684\u4eab\u53d7\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5f9e\u50f9\u503c(value)\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u8cfa\u4e86$3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u676f\uff0c\u6703\u905e\u6e1b\u70ba$1\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\u676f\u662f-$2\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u4ed6\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u53bb\u7528$7\uff0c\u53bb\u8cfc\u8cb7\u50c5\u50c5\u5177\u6709$5\u4eab\u53d7\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u96ea\u7cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\"consumersurplus\"<\/p>\n

\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u559c\u611b\u5403\u96ea\u7cd5\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u89ba\u5f97\u7b2c\u5341\u676f\u96ea\u7cd5\u90fd\u503c$7\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u5c07\u5e02\u5834\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u90fd\u96c6\u6703\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u9700\u6c42\u66f2\u7dda\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u50f9\u683c\u6bcf\u8b8a\u52d5\u4e00\u683c\uff0c\u9700\u6c42\u6578\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u6e1b\uff0c\u53c8\u7a31\u70ba\u908a\u969b\u6548\u76ca(marginal utility)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5728\u4f9b\u61c9\u65b9\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7576\u4f9b\u61c9\u66f2\u7dda\u4e5f\u662f\u76f8\u7576\u65bc\uff0c\u908a\u969b\u6210\u672c(marginal cost)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5927\u5bb6\u770b\u4e00\u770b\u4e0a\u5716\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u5269\u9918\u548c\u751f\u7522\u8005\u5269\u9918\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u96d9\u65b9\u5728\u4ea4\u6613\u4e0a\u6240\u5f97(P x Q)\uff0c\u8207\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6548\u76ca\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u600e\u6a23\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u8eca\u4ed4\u9eb5\u7684\u5b9a\u50f9\u7b56\u7565\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u7531\u65bc\uff0c\u98df\u7269\u662f\u660e\u986f\u5730\u5177\u6709\u908a\u969b\u6548\u76ca\u905e\u6e1b\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c3\u500b\u9938\u8ce3$18\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u500b\u9938\u7531\u65bc\u6548\u76ca\u905e\u6e1b\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u4e0d\u9858\u610f\u4ed8$6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u662f\u7576\u52a0\u4e00\u500b\u9938\u6536\u591a$2\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u9858\u610f\u4ed8\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u908a\u969b\u6548\u76ca\u4f4e\u65bc$6\uff0c\u537b\u9ad8\u65bc$2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u751a\u81f3\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e00\u4e9b\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6536\u591a$4\u6709\u591a\u5169\u500b\u9938\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u986f\u610f\u652f\u4ed8\uff0c\u9eb5\u6a94\u8001\u95c6\u5c31\u80fd\u5920\u505a\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u751f\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u662f\u5047\u8a2d\u52a0\u591a\u4e00\u500b\u9938\u7684\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u662f\u4f4e\u65bc$2\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u908a\u969b\u6210\u672c\u4e5f\u5c40\u9650\u4e86\u591a\u4e00\u500b\u9938\u7684\u5b9a\u50f9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56de\u5230\u524d\u984c\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u6210\u4ea4\u6578\u91cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7531\u96d9\u65b9\u7684\u5269\u9918\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u5c07\u5269\u9918\u6700\u5927\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u751f\u7522\u5546\u7528\u5b9a\u50f9\u65b9\u6cd5(pricing)\u53bb\u525d\u596a\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u4efd\u7684\u8cfc\u8cb7\u529b\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u725b\u5514\u98f2\u6c34\u5514\u6309\u5f97\u725b\u982d\u4f4e\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u4fc2\u6548\u76ca\u6700\u5927\u5316\uff01<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u4e4b\u524d\u8b1b\u904e\uff0c\u9ec3\u5b50\u83ef\u5728\u300a\u7d55\u4ee3\u5546\u9a55\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u8b1b\u7684\u300c\u5408\u7406\u5316\u7159\u5e55\u300d\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u76c8\u9918(consumer\u2019s surplus […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7534,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false},"categories":[603638463,603689650,603689565],"tags":[18088608,603689657,223715768],"class_list":["post-7509","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-milocalize","category-personal","category-column","tag-18088608","tag-603689657","tag-223715768"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/tokuhon.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/consumersurplus.jpg?fit=526%2C304&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/s9lhKB-7509","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tokuhon.blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7509","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tokuhon.blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tokuhon.blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tokuhon.blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tokuhon.blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7509"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tokuhon.blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7509\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7536,"href":"https:\/\/tokuhon.blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7509\/revisions\/7536"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tokuhon.blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/7534"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tokuhon.blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7509"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tokuhon.blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7509"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tokuhon.blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7509"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}