{"id":4095,"date":"2017-12-05T15:12:01","date_gmt":"2017-12-05T07:12:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tokuhon.blog\/?p=4095"},"modified":"2018-07-03T11:48:30","modified_gmt":"2018-07-03T03:48:30","slug":"4095","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tokuhon.blog\/?p=4095","title":{"rendered":"\u9ad8\u9435\u5fa9\u8208\u6642\u4ee3(1)\uff1a\u4e2d\u570b\u9435\u8def\u7c21\u53f2\uff08\u4e0a\uff09\u2502\u812b\u82e6\u6d77"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"10093\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/tokuhon.blog\/?attachment_id=10093\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/tokuhon.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/v2-1b52c603e278556654bb220441cf8f94_r.jpg?fit=1000%2C750&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1000,750\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"v2-1b52c603e278556654bb220441cf8f94_r\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/tokuhon.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/v2-1b52c603e278556654bb220441cf8f94_r.jpg?fit=1000%2C750&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10093 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/tokuhon.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/v2-1b52c603e278556654bb220441cf8f94_r.jpg?resize=756%2C567&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"756\" height=\"567\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/tokuhon.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/v2-1b52c603e278556654bb220441cf8f94_r.jpg?w=1000&amp;ssl=1 1000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/tokuhon.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/v2-1b52c603e278556654bb220441cf8f94_r.jpg?resize=320%2C240&amp;ssl=1 320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 756px) 100vw, 756px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b><u>\u9678\u4e0a\u904b\u8f38\u7684\u9769\u547d<\/u><\/b><\/h2>\n<p>\u73fe\u5728\u8ecc\u9053\u904b\u8f38\u6210\u70ba\u9678\u4e0a\u904b\u8f38\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u9435\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u7a7f\u5dde\u904e\u7701\u7684\u9ad8\u901f\u9435\u8def\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6b63\u5728\u7814\u767c\u7684\u771f\u7a7a\u7ba1\u9053\u8d85\u9ad8\u901f\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u5747\u662f\u6e90\u81ea\u767e\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u767c\u660e\uff1a\u9435\u8def\u548c\u706b\u8eca\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u9435\u8def\u767c\u660e\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5728\u9678\u5730\u4e0a\u8981\u904b\u8f38\u5927\u91cf\u7269\u8cc7\u53ea\u80fd\u5920\u4f9d\u8cf4\u6f15\u904b\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u7528\u8239\u96bb\u5728\u5929\u7136\u6cb3\u9053\u3001\u904b\u6cb3\u548c\u8fd1\u5cb8\u6d77\u57df\u904b\u8f38\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u4f7f\u7528\u4eba\u529b\u6216\u755c\u529b\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u6cbf\u9014\u7684\u7ce7\u98df\u6d88\u8017\u662f\u76f8\u7576\u4e4b\u9a5a\u4eba\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u4e09\u8ecd\u672a\u52d5\uff0c\u7ce7\u8349\u5148\u884c\u300d\u3002\u6c34\u8def\u904b\u8f38\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u85c9\u52a9\u6d6e\u529b\u4ee4\u5230\u904b\u8f38\u7684\u8ca8\u7269\u6578\u91cf\u5927\u589e\uff0c\u82e5\u7531\u9678\u8def\u65b9\u6cd5\u904b\u9001\uff0c\u4eba\u755c\u5747\u8981\u8017\u5927\u91cf\u98df\u6c34\u548c\u7ce7\u98df\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u904b\u8f38\u6548\u679c\u5c31\u6703\u5927\u6253\u6298\u6263\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\u76db\u4e16\u7d71\u4e00\u5929\u4e0b\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5747\u7a4d\u6975\u767c\u5c55\u4ea4\u901a\uff0c\u79e6\u671d\u6642\u300c\u95e2\u99b3\u9053\uff0c\u958b\u9748\u6e20\u300d\uff0c\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u9084\u6709\u79e6\u76f4\u9053\u548c\u9748\u6e20\u7684\u907a\u8de1\uff1b\u968b\u671d\u548c\u5143\u671d\u5747\u5927\u529b\u958b\u901a\u904b\u6cb3\uff0c\u660e\u6e05\u5169\u671d\u5747\u91cd\u8996\u6f15\u904b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5230\u5171\u548c\u570b\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u6539\u5584\u9577\u6c5f\u822a\u9053\u3001\u6574\u6cbb\u4e09\u5cfd\u822a\u9053\u3001\u758f\u6d5a\u9577\u6c5f\u53e3\u822a\u9053\u7b49\uff0c\u5728\u5728\u986f\u793a\u6539\u5584\u6c34\u8def\u4ea4\u901a\u5c0d\u570b\u8a08\u6c11\u751f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u76f4\u5230\u9435\u8def\u904b\u8f38\u7684\u767c\u660e\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u624d\u80fd\u5920\u64fa\u812b\u6cb3\u9053\u5c0d\u4ea4\u901a\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6027\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5c07\u9435\u8def\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u61c9\u7528\u5728\u6230\u722d\u52d5\u54e1\u53ca\u5f8c\u52e4\u4e0a\uff0c\u662f1870\u5e74\uff08\u540c\u6cbb\u4e5d\u5e74\uff09\u7684\u666e\u6cd5\u6230\u722d\uff0c\u666e\u9b6f\u58eb\uff08\u5373\u5fb7\u570b\u7684\u524d\u8eab\uff09\u7684\u9435\u8def\u7db2\u5c0d\u65bc\u8ecd\u4e8b\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u80fd\u5920\u8fc5\u901f\u5730\u628a\u5927\u91cf\u90e8\u968a\u904b\u5f80\u524d\u7dda\uff0c\u96c6\u7d50\u5230\u4f5c\u6230\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u80fd\u5920\u4f7f\u90e8\u968a\u7684\u7d66\u990a\u5f97\u5230\u53ca\u6642\u7684\u88dc\u5145\u30021870\u5e748\u67082\u65e5\uff0c\u6cd5\u570b\u5728\u908a\u754c\u4e0a\u53ea\u80fd\u9673\u517526.5\u842c\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u666e\u9b6f\u58eb\u5728\u840a\u8335\u6cb3\u5df2\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8650\u842c\u4eba\u7684\u5175\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u84b8\u6c7d\u6a5f\u8eca\u7531\u82f1\u570b\u4eba\u674e\u5bdf\u00b7\u7279\u91cc\u7dad\u5e0c\u514b(Richard Trevithick)\u65bc1804\u5e74\uff08\u5609\u6176\u4e5d\u5e74\uff09\u88fd\u9020\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u6642\u901f\u70ba5-6\u516c\u91cc\uff0c\u548c\u8dd1\u6b65\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u52301840\u5e74\uff08\u9053\u5149\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\uff09\u7279\u91cc\u7dad\u5e0c\u514b\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217\u771f\u6b63\u5728\u8ecc\u4e0a\u884c\u99db\u7684\u84b8\u6c7d\u706b\u8eca\uff0c\u7a7a\u8eca\u6642\u6642\u901f20\u516c\u91cc\uff0c\u8f09\u91cd\u6642\u6642\u901f8\u516c\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1814\u5e74\uff08\u5609\u6176\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\uff09\u82f1\u570b\u4eba\u55ac\u6cbb\u00b7\u53f2\u8482\u82ac\u751f(George Stephenson)\u53f2\u8482\u82ac\u751f\u8a2d\u8a08\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u706b\u8eca\u982d\u3002\u52301829\u5e74\uff08\u9053\u5149\u4e5d\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u53f2\u8482\u82ac\u751f\u88fd\u9020\u7684\u706b\u7bad\u865f\u6210\u70ba\u6700\u65e9\u5728\u5546\u696d\u6210\u529f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u84b8\u6c7d\u706b\u8eca\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/li>\n<li>1825\u5e74\uff08\u9053\u5149\u4e94\u5e74\uff09\u82f1\u570b\u5efa\u6210\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u689d\u6295\u5165\u5546\u696d\u71df\u904b\u7684\u9435\u8def&#8211;\u53f2\u6258\u9813\u53ca\u9054\u9748\u9813\u9435\u8def\uff08Stockton and Darlington Railway\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>1879\u5e74\uff08\u5149\u7dd2\u4e94\u5e74\uff09\u5fb7\u570b\u7814\u88fd\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u96fb\u529b\u6a5f\u8eca\u3002\u52301894\u5e74\uff08\u5149\u7dd2\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\uff09\u5fb7\u570b\u897f\u9580\u5b50\u6210\u529f\u7814\u88fd\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u6c7d\u6cb9\u5167\u71c3\u6a5f\u8eca\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u5b83\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u9435\u8def\u904b\u8f38\uff0c\u958b\u5275\u4e86\u5167\u71c3\u6a5f\u8eca\u7684\u65b0\u7d00\u5143\u3002<\/li>\n<li>1903\u5e74\uff08\u5149\u7dd2\u4e8c\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\uff09\u897f\u9580\u5b50\u8207\u901a\u7528\u96fb\u6c23\u516c\u53f8\u7814\u88fd\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u5be6\u7528\u96fb\u529b\u6a5f\u8eca\u6295\u5165\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u8a66\u9a57\u6642\u6700\u9ad8\u6642\u901f\u9054\u5230200\u516c\u91cc\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u5f88\u63a5\u8fd1\u9ad8\u9435\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5927\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u6e05\u671d\u6642\u7684\u5e74\u865f\uff0c\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u8868\u9054\u9019\u5834\u9678\u4e0a\u904b\u8f38\u7684\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u64fa\u812b\u4e86\u6cb3\u9053\u5c0d\u4ea4\u901a\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u539f\u4f86\u53ea\u662f\u767e\u591a\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u6e05\u671d\u54b8\u8c50\u5e74\u9593\u767c\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><b><u>\u5efa\u570b\u524d\u7684\u9435\u8def\u767c\u5c55<\/u><\/b><\/h2>\n<p>\u4e2d\u570b\u65e9\u57281865\u5e74\uff08\u540c\u6cbb\u56db\u5e74\uff09\u5df2\u5f15\u9032\u9435\u8def\u8a2d\u65bd\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u5546\u4eba\u675c\u862d\u5fb7(Durand)\u70ba\u4e86\u5411\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u5ba3\u50b3\u9435\u8def\u7684\u512a\u8d8a\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u5ba3\u6b66\u9580\u5916\u81ea\u8cc7\u4fee\u5efa\u4e860.5\u516c\u91cc\u9577\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u6bb5\u300c\u5c55\u89bd\u9435\u8def\u300d \uff0c\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u96a8\u5373\u4ee5\u300c\u89c0\u8005\u99ed\u602a\u300d\u70ba\u7531\u6025\u5fd9\u62c6\u9664\u8a72\u9435\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1876\u5e74\uff08\u5149\u7dd2\u4e8c\u5e74\uff09\u82f1\u570b\u6021\u548c\u6d0b\u884c\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\u4fee\u5efa\u7b2c\u4e00\u689d\u71df\u696d\u6027\u9435\u8def\u2500\u2500\u4e0a\u6d77\u5433\u6dde\u9435\u8def\u5efa\u6210\u901a\u8eca\uff0c\u4ee5\u300c\u5929\u671d\u865f\u300d(Celestial Empire)\u6a5f\u8eca\u8a66\u8eca\uff0c\u5275\u4e0b\u6642\u901f25\u82f1\u91cc\uff08\u7d0440.2\u516c\u91cc\uff09\u7684\u7d00\u9304\u3002\u901a\u8eca\u71df\u904b\u4e00\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u51fa\u928028.5\u842c\u5169\u8d16\u56de\u9019\u689d\u9435\u8def\u4e26\u4e88\u4ee5\u62c6\u9664\u3002\u8def\u8ecc\u53ca\u6a5f\u8eca\u3001\u8eca\u8f1b\u88ab\u904b\u5f80\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u6e96\u5099\u5728\u7576\u5730\u4fee\u5efa\u9435\u8def\u3002\u7136\u800c\u53f0\u7063\u9435\u8def\u4e26\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u6279\u5efa\u6750\uff0c\u8a2d\u5099\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u6e2f\u5cb8\u908a\u5730\u8352\u5ee2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1879\u5e74\u6d0b\u52d9\u6d3e\u9996\u9818\u674e\u9d3b\u7ae0\u70ba\u4e86\u5c07\u5510\u5c71\u958b\u5e73\u7164\u7926\u7684\u7164\u70ad\u904b\u5f80\u5929\u6d25\uff0c\u4fee\u5efa\u5510\u5c71\u81f3\u80e5\u5404\u838a\u4e00\u6bb5\u9435\u8def\uff0c\u70ba\u907f\u514d\u6fc0\u8d77\u53cd\u5c0d\uff0c\u8d77\u521d\u53ea\u4ee5\u9a3e\u99ac\u70ba\u52d5\u529b\u30021881\u5e74\uff08\u5149\u7dd2\u4e03\u5e74\uff09\u901a\u8eca\u6642\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u5de5\u4eba\u6210\u529f\u8a66\u5236\u4e86\u4e00\u53f0\u84b8\u6c7d\u6a5f\u8eca\uff0c\u662f\u4e2d\u570b\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u88fd\u9020\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u6a5f\u8eca\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u624d\u958b\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528\u84b8\u6c7d\u6a5f\u8eca\u727d\u5f15\u3002<\/p>\n<figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"10092\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/tokuhon.blog\/?attachment_id=10092\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/tokuhon.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/v2-a081d4b4e858e72ca826b82b0d03513a_hd.jpg?fit=454%2C253&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"454,253\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"v2-a081d4b4e858e72ca826b82b0d03513a_hd\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/tokuhon.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/v2-a081d4b4e858e72ca826b82b0d03513a_hd.jpg?fit=454%2C253&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10092 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/tokuhon.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/v2-a081d4b4e858e72ca826b82b0d03513a_hd.jpg?resize=454%2C253&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"454\" height=\"253\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/tokuhon.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/v2-a081d4b4e858e72ca826b82b0d03513a_hd.jpg?w=454&amp;ssl=1 454w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/tokuhon.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/v2-a081d4b4e858e72ca826b82b0d03513a_hd.jpg?resize=431%2C240&amp;ssl=1 431w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 454px) 100vw, 454px\" \/><\/figure>\n<p>\u81ea1881\u5e74\u5efa\u6210\u5510\u80e5\u9435\u8def\u901a\u8eca\u81f31911\u5e74\uff08\u5ba3\u7d71\u4e09\u5e74\uff09\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u57ae\u53f0\u768430\u591a\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u7531\u65bc\u6d0b\u52d9\u6d3e\u548c\u570b\u5167\u6709\u8a8c\u4e4b\u58eb\u7684\u4e0d\u65b7\u5efa\u8b70\u548c\u63d0\u5021\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u4fee\u5efa\u9435\u8def\u6703\u300c\u5931\u6211\u96aa\u963b\uff0c\u5bb3\u6211\u7530\u5eec\uff0c\u59a8\u7919\u6211\u98a8\u6c34\u300d\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\uff0c\u800c\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u300c\u9435\u8def\u958b\u901a\u53ef\u70ba\u8ecd\u4e8b\u4e0a\u4e4b\u88dc\u6551\u300d\uff0c\u7d42\u65bc\u78ba\u5b9a\u8208\u5efa\u9435\u8def\u7684\u65b9\u91dd\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u9435\u8def\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u7c4c\u5283\u4fee\u5efa\u9435\u8def\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1905\u5e74\uff08\u5149\u7dd2\u4e09\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\uff09\u4e2d\u570b\u7b2c\u4e00\u689d\u81ea\u4e3b\u8208\u5efa\u7684\u4eac\u5f35\u9435\u8def\u958b\u59cb\u4fee\u5efa\uff0c\u7531\u4e2d\u570b\u9996\u4f4d\u9435\u8def\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u8a79\u5929\u4f51\u51fa\u4efb\u7e3d\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\uff0c\u4e26\u65bc1909\u5e74\uff08\u5ba3\u7d71\u5143\u5e74\uff09\u901a\u8eca\u30021905\u5e74\uff08\u5149\u7dd2\u4e09\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u4eac\u6f22\u9435\u8def\u5efa\u6210\u901a\u8eca\uff1b1907\u5e74\uff08\u5149\u7dd2\u4e09\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\uff09\u4eac\u5949\u9435\u8def\u901a\u8eca\uff1b1909\u5e74\u4eac\u5f35\u9435\u8def\u901a\u8eca\uff1b1911\u5e74\uff0c\u4eac\u6d66\u9435\u8def\u7ae3\u5de5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9435\u8def\u548c\u706b\u8eca\u5728\u6e05\u671d\u9084\u6709\u5169\u6bb5\u63d2\u66f2\uff0c\u4e00\u6bb5\u662f\u559c\u5287\uff0c\u4e00\u6bb5\u662f\u60b2\u5287\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u674e\u9d3b\u7ae0\u66fe\u7d93\u63d0\u51fa\u4fee\u7bc9\u9435\u8def\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u7aed\u529b\u758f\u901a\u4e0a\u5c64\uff0c\u4f46\u59cb\u7d42\u6c92\u6709\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u8d0f\u5f97\u6148\u79a7\u592a\u540e\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u674e\u9d3b\u7ae0\u5efa\u8b70\u9996\u5148\u5728\u897f\u82d1\u4e2d\u4fee\u7bc9\u4e00\u689d\u9435\u8def\u5f04\u8d9f\u5c08\u5217\uff0c\u8b93\u6148\u79a7\u592a\u540e\u9ad4\u9a57\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e58\u5750\u706b\u8eca\u7684\u6ecb\u5473\uff0c\u6b64\u4e8b\u8d0f\u5f97\u5149\u7dd2\u7687\u5e1d\u652f\u6301\u30021886\u5e74\uff08\u5149\u7dd2\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u7687\u57ce\u5fa1\u82d1\u4e2d\u7684\u897f\u82d1\u9435\u8def\u958b\u59cb\u52d5\u5de5\uff0c1889\u5e74\uff08\u5149\u7dd2\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\uff09\u7ae3\u5de5\u3002\u897f\u82d1\u5c0f\u706b\u8eca\u7684\u8eca\u982d\u3001\u8eca\u5ec2\u548c\u9435\u8ecc\u5747\u7522\u81ea\u6cd5\u570b\uff0c\u80cc\u5f8c\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u6280\u8853\u63db\u5e02\u5834\u300d\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u70ba\u4e86\u80fd\u62ff\u5230\u9019\u7b46\u8a0e\u597d\u4e2d\u570b\u7687\u5ba4\uff0c\u95dc\u4fc2\u5230\u65e5\u5f8c\u5f9e\u8ab0\u5bb6\u63a1\u8cfc\u8a2d\u5099\u7684\u300c\u5927\u8a02\u55ae\u300d\uff0c\u5728\u773e\u591a\u7af6\u6a19\u8005\u4e2d\u6cd5\u570b\u76f4\u63a5\u7d66\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5730\u677f\u50f9\uff1a6,000\u5169\u9280\u5b50\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u50f9\u683c\u65bc\u5de5\u6599\u904b\u8cbb\u76f8\u5dee\u751a\u9060\uff0c\u4f46\u8003\u616e\u5176\u6230\u7565\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u7acb\u523b\u7531\u6cd5\u570b\u9280\u884c\u7c4c\u6b3e\uff0c\u6cd5\u570b\u65b0\u76db\u516c\u53f8\u52a0\u5de5\u8d95\u88fd\uff0c\u4e26\u7531\u5df4\u9ece\u904b\u62b5\u5929\u6d25\uff0c\u6cd5\u570b\u4eba\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u8aaa\u4e0d\u300c\u8a08\u8cc7\u8ad6\u503c\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5230\u843d\u6210\u5f8c\uff0c\u6148\u79a7\u592a\u540e\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5750\u706b\u8eca\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e09\u689d\u898f\u77e9\uff0c\u8b93\u5916\u570b\u4eba\u7b11\u6389\u5927\u7259\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u689d\uff1a\u81ea\u5df1\u8981\u5148\u4e0a\u8eca<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u689d\uff1a\u706b\u8eca\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u7537\u6027\u5fc5\u9808\u662f\u592a\u76e3<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u689d\uff1a\u706b\u8eca\u53f8\u6a5f\u958b\u8eca\u4e0d\u80fd\u5750\u8457<\/p>\n<p>\u64da\u8aaa\uff0c\u6c92\u904e\u591a\u9577\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u6148\u79a7\u592a\u540e\u56e0\u70ba\u5341\u5206\u61fc\u6015\u6a5f\u8eca\u7684\u8f5f\u9686\u6c7d\u7b1b\u8072\uff0c\u53c8\u8ff7\u4fe1\u5730\u8a8d\u70ba\u706b\u8eca\u7684\u9cf4\u7b1b\u543c\u53eb\u6703\u7834\u58de\u7687\u57ce\u5167\u82d1\u7684\u98a8\u6c34\u548c\u6c23\u8108\u3002\u65bc\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u5929\u5348\u9910\u884c\u8eca\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u51c6\u7528\u6a5f\u8eca\u727d\u5f15\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u5728\u6bcf\u8f1b\u5ba2\u8eca\u4e0a\u90fd\u62f4\u4e0a\u7d68\u7e69\uff0c\u56db\u5468\u5404\u7531\u56db\u540d\u592a\u76e3\u62c9\u524d\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u559c\u5287\u8b1b\u5b8c\uff0c\u5230\u60b2\u5287\u4e86\uff0c\u9435\u8def\u4e5f\u6210\u70ba\u63a8\u7ffb\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5c0e\u706b\u7dda\u30021911\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u70ba\u4e86\u53d6\u5f97\u82f1\u3001\u6cd5\u3001\u5fb7\u3001\u7f8e\u56db\u570b\u9280\u884c\u7684\u8cb8\u6b3e\uff0c\u5ba3\u5e03\u628a\u5168\u570b\u9435\u8def\u5e79\u7dda\u6536\u6b78\u570b\u6709\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u63a5\u6536\u5ddd\u6e58\u9102\u4e09\u7701\u5546\u8fa6\u7684\u5ddd\u6f22\u9435\u8def\u3001\u7cb5\u6f22\u9435\u8def\uff0c\u9042\u6380\u8d77\u4e86\u5168\u570b\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u53cd\u6297\u904b\u52d5&#8211;\u4fdd\u8def\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u6d3e\u8ecd\u524d\u5f80\u56db\u5ddd\u93ae\u58d3\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u6b66\u6f22\u5730\u5340\u5175\u529b\u7a7a\u865b\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u78b0\u5de7\u6e56\u5317\u65b0\u8ecd\u6f5b\u4f0f\u7684\u9769\u547d\u9ee8\u4eba\u8a66\u5236\u70b8\u85e5\u5931\u6557\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u9ee8\u4eba\u540d\u55ae\u843d\u5165\u6e05\u5175\u624b\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u63d0\u65e9\u5728\u540c\u5e7410\u670810\u65e5\u767c\u52d5\u8f9b\u4ea5\u9769\u547d\u7684\u6b66\u660c\u8d77\u7fa9\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u570b\u7684\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u7d50\u675f\u4e86\u5c01\u5efa\u5e1d\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1912\u5e74\u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u570b\u5efa\u7acb\u5f8c\uff0c\u9435\u8def\u5efa\u8a2d\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u6709\u6240\u6539\u89c0\uff0c\u5357\u4eac\u81e8\u6642\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u5176\u6210\u7acb\u4e4b\u521d\u8a2d\u6709\u4ea4\u901a\u90e8\uff0c\u53c8\u5148\u5f8c\u6210\u7acb\u4e2d\u83ef\u5168\u570b\u9435\u8def\u5354\u6703\u548c\u4e2d\u570b\u9435\u8def\u7e3d\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5728\u6e05\u4ee3\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u6301\u7e8c\u5efa\u8a2d\u9435\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6c11\u570b\u671f\u9593\u91cd\u8996\u9435\u8def\u5efa\u8a2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u9769\u547d\u5148\u884c\u8005\u5b6b\u4e2d\u5c71\u8eab\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\uff0c1912\u5e74\u8881\u4e16\u51f1\u300c\u7279\u6388\u5b6b\u6587\u4ee5\u7c4c\u8fa6\u5168\u570b\u9435\u8def\u5168\u570b\u9435\u8def\u5168\u6b0a\u5c07\u64ec\u7bc9\u4e4b\u8def\u5148\u8207\u5404\u570b\u5546\u4eba\u5546\u8b70\u501f\u6b3e\u62db\u80a1\u4e8b\u5b9c\u300d\uff0c\u5b6b\u4e2d\u5c71\u51fa\u4efb\u4e2d\u570b\u9435\u8def\u7e3d\u516c\u53f8\u7e3d\u7406\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u900f\u904e\u958b\u653e\u5916\u8cc7\uff0c\u76e1\u5feb\u5b8c\u6210\u5efa\u8a2d\u4e2d\u570b\u9435\u8def\u30021920\u5e74\u5b6b\u4e2d\u5c71\u64b0\u5beb\u300a\u5be6\u696d\u8a08\u5283\u300b\u7576\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e2d\u570b\u8208\u5efa11\u842c\u82f1\u91cc\uff08\u7d0417.7\u842c\u516c\u91cc\uff09\u9435\u8def\u7db2\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u5efa\u570b\u65b9\u7565\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u3002<\/p>\n<figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"10091\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/tokuhon.blog\/?attachment_id=10091\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/tokuhon.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/v2-8628b14fb4f69d39a3e1e4f898987805_hd.jpg?fit=720%2C559&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"720,559\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"v2-8628b14fb4f69d39a3e1e4f898987805_hd\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/tokuhon.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/v2-8628b14fb4f69d39a3e1e4f898987805_hd.jpg?fit=720%2C559&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10091 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/tokuhon.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/v2-8628b14fb4f69d39a3e1e4f898987805_hd.jpg?resize=720%2C559&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"559\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/tokuhon.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/v2-8628b14fb4f69d39a3e1e4f898987805_hd.jpg?w=720&amp;ssl=1 720w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/tokuhon.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/v2-8628b14fb4f69d39a3e1e4f898987805_hd.jpg?resize=309%2C240&amp;ssl=1 309w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/figure>\n<p>1928\u5e74\u570b\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5b8c\u6210\u5317\u4f10\u7d71\u4e00\u5168\u570b\u5f8c\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u958b\u5c55\u9435\u8def\u5efa\u8a2d\uff0c\u540c\u5e7410\u6708\u5728\u884c\u653f\u9662\u4e4b\u4e0b\u6210\u7acb\u9435\u9053\u90e8\uff0c\u4e26\u9812\u5e03\u4e86\u4e2d\u570b\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u9435\u9053\u6cd5\u898f&#8211;\u300a\u9435\u9053\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u9084\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8207\u9435\u8def\u5efa\u8a2d\u3001\u767c\u5c55\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u898f\u3002\u6297\u6230\u524d\uff0c\u570b\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5b8c\u6210\u7cb5\u6f22\u3001\u96b4\u6d77\u5169\u689d\u9435\u8def\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u83ef\u6771\u3001\u83ef\u5317\u5730\u5340\u4fee\u5efa\u4e86\u6d59\u8d1b\u3001\u540c\u84b2\u3001\u6c5f\u5357\u3001\u6dee\u5357\u3001\u8607\u5609\u7b49\u7dda\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1931\u5e74\u767c\u751f\u4e5d\u4e00\u516b\u4e8b\u8b8a\u5f8c\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5728\u6771\u5317\u5730\u5340\u548c\u83ef\u5317\u6276\u6301\u6eff\u6d32\u570b\u7b49\u5080\u5121\u653f\u6b0a\uff0c\u4e26\u5927\u529b\u5efa\u8a2d\u9435\u8def\u30021937\u5e74\uff0c\u5c0d\u65e5\u6297\u6230\u5168\u9762\u7206\u767c\uff0c\u9435\u8def\u5e79\u7dda\u9678\u7e8c\u906d\u5230\u65e5\u8ecd\u4f54\u9818\u3002\u6297\u65e5\u6230\u722d\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u4fee\u5efa\u7684\u9435\u8def\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u6e58\u6842\u9435\u8def\u3001\u6ec7\u7dec\u9435\u8def\u3001\u6558\u6606\u9435\u8def\u3001\u6e58\u9ed4\u9435\u8def\u548c\u96b4\u6d77\u9435\u8def\u7684\u5bf6\u96de\u81f3\u5929\u6c34\u6bb5\u30021945\u5e74\u6297\u6230\u52dd\u5229\u5f8c\uff0c\u570b\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u898f\u5283\u9032\u884c\u65b0\u4e00\u6ce2\u7684\u9435\u8def\u5efa\u8a2d\u8a08\u5283\uff0c\u4f46\u63a5\u8457\u7684\u570b\u5171\u5167\u6230\uff0c\u4ee4\u570b\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u7121\u6687\u517c\u9867\u9435\u8def\u5efa\u8a2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u81ea1876\u5e74\u5433\u6dde\u9435\u8def\u51fa\u73fe\u52301949\u5e74\u4e2d\u83ef\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u570b\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5728\u901973\u5e74\u4e4b\u9593\u5efa\u621023,500\u591a\u516c\u91cc\u7684\u9435\u8def\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u8fd1\u4e00\u534a\u56e0\u53d7\u6297\u65e5\u6230\u722d\u3001\u570b\u5171\u5167\u6230\u7684\u7834\u58de\uff0c\u8655\u65bc\u7671\u7613\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u7dad\u6301\u901a\u8eca\u7684\u50c5\u6709\u7d0411,000\u516c\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n<figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"10090\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/tokuhon.blog\/?attachment_id=10090\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/tokuhon.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/v2-90dd55509e6d9e2092af88d8c219e8c6_hd.jpg?fit=720%2C581&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"720,581\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"v2-90dd55509e6d9e2092af88d8c219e8c6_hd\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/tokuhon.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/v2-90dd55509e6d9e2092af88d8c219e8c6_hd.jpg?fit=720%2C581&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10090 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/tokuhon.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/v2-90dd55509e6d9e2092af88d8c219e8c6_hd.jpg?resize=720%2C581&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"581\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/tokuhon.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/v2-90dd55509e6d9e2092af88d8c219e8c6_hd.jpg?w=720&amp;ssl=1 720w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/tokuhon.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/v2-90dd55509e6d9e2092af88d8c219e8c6_hd.jpg?resize=297%2C240&amp;ssl=1 297w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; \u9678\u4e0a\u904b\u8f38\u7684\u9769\u547d \u73fe\u5728\u8ecc\u9053\u904b\u8f38\u6210\u70ba\u9678\u4e0a\u904b\u8f38\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u9435\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u7a7f\u5dde\u904e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":10093,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[603689567,63090797],"tags":[603689666,603689665,603689664,602512838],"class_list":["post-4095","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-603689567","category-china","tag-603689666","tag-603689665","tag-603689664","tag-602512838"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/tokuhon.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/v2-1b52c603e278556654bb220441cf8f94_r.jpg?fit=1000%2C750&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/s9lhKB-4095","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tokuhon.blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4095","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tokuhon.blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tokuhon.blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tokuhon.blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tokuhon.blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4095"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/tokuhon.blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4095\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10122,"href":"https:\/\/tokuhon.blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4095\/revisions\/10122"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tokuhon.blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10093"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tokuhon.blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4095"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tokuhon.blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4095"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tokuhon.blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4095"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}